Terrestrial ecosystem:
Terrestrial ecosystems are land-based ecosystems that include forests, grasslands, deserts, and tundra. These ecosystems are characterized by the presence of plants, animals, and microorganisms that interact with each other and their physical environment. Terrestrial ecosystems play a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate, providing habitat for wildlife, and supporting human livelihoods through the provision of food, water, and other resources.
Freshwater ecosystem:
Freshwater ecosystems are aquatic ecosystems that include rivers, lakes, ponds, and wetlands. These ecosystems are characterized by the presence of freshwater, which is essential for the survival of plants, animals, and microorganisms. Freshwater ecosystems are highly diverse and support a wide range of species, including fish, amphibians, birds, and insects. They also provide important ecosystem services, such as water purification, flood control, and nutrient cycling.
Lentic ecosystem:
Lentic ecosystems are still water ecosystems, such as lakes and ponds, that are characterized by low flow rates and relatively calm water conditions. These ecosystems are typically nutrient-rich and support a diverse array of plant and animal species. Lentic ecosystems are important for biodiversity conservation and provide habitat for a variety of aquatic organisms, including fish, amphibians, and invertebrates.
Lotic ecosystem:
Lotic ecosystems are flowing water ecosystems, such as rivers and streams, that are characterized by high flow rates and dynamic water conditions. These ecosystems are typically nutrient-poor and support a different set of plant and animal species compared to lentic ecosystems. Lotic ecosystems are important for nutrient cycling, sediment transport, and habitat connectivity for aquatic organisms. They also provide important ecosystem services, such as water supply, irrigation, and recreation.