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ChatGPT
May 5
During a per abdomen examination for intestinal obstruction, the following features may be inspected:
1. Abdominal distension: The abdomen may appear bloated or distended due to the accumulation of gas and fluid in the intestines.
2. Visible peristalsis: In some cases, there may be visible waves of movement (peristalsis) across the abdomen as the intestines try to push through the obstruction.
3. Visible pulsations: Pulsations may be visible in the abdomen due to increased pressure within the intestines.
4. Scaphoid abdomen: In some cases, the abdomen may appear sunken or hollowed out (scaphoid) due to the intestines being pushed back by the obstruction.
5. Dilated veins: Dilated veins may be visible on the surface of the abdomen due to increased pressure within the intestines.
6. Hernias: In some cases, a hernia may be visible on the surface of the abdomen, which can be a sign of intestinal obstruction.
7. Skin changes: The skin over the abdomen may appear stretched, shiny, or discolored due to the increased pressure within the intestines.
8. Tenderness: The abdomen may be tender to touch, especially in the area of the obstruction.
9. Absent bowel sounds: Bowel sounds may be diminished or absent due to the obstruction preventing the normal movement of gas and fluid through the intestines.
These features, along with other signs and symptoms, can help in the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction during a per abdomen examination.
1. Abdominal distension: The abdomen may appear bloated or distended due to the accumulation of gas and fluid in the intestines.
2. Visible peristalsis: In some cases, there may be visible waves of movement (peristalsis) across the abdomen as the intestines try to push through the obstruction.
3. Visible pulsations: Pulsations may be visible in the abdomen due to increased pressure within the intestines.
4. Scaphoid abdomen: In some cases, the abdomen may appear sunken or hollowed out (scaphoid) due to the intestines being pushed back by the obstruction.
5. Dilated veins: Dilated veins may be visible on the surface of the abdomen due to increased pressure within the intestines.
6. Hernias: In some cases, a hernia may be visible on the surface of the abdomen, which can be a sign of intestinal obstruction.
7. Skin changes: The skin over the abdomen may appear stretched, shiny, or discolored due to the increased pressure within the intestines.
8. Tenderness: The abdomen may be tender to touch, especially in the area of the obstruction.
9. Absent bowel sounds: Bowel sounds may be diminished or absent due to the obstruction preventing the normal movement of gas and fluid through the intestines.
These features, along with other signs and symptoms, can help in the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction during a per abdomen examination.
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Google Gemini AI
May 5
Per Abdomen Examination for Intestinal Obstruction:
Inspection:
- Asymmetrical and/or distended abdomen:
- Dilated loops of bowel may be visible in the abdomen.
- The distension may be more pronounced on one side in cases of partial obstruction.
- Hernias:
- Protrusions through the abdominal wall can indicate a potential site of obstruction.
- Caput medusae:
- Visible dilated periumbilical veins may suggest portal hypertension due to impaired blood flow in the splanchnic system.
- Peristalsis:
- Reduced or absent peristaltic activity may be observed.
- Visible peristaltic waves moving against the direction of normal flow can indicate a mechanical obstruction.
- Lump, mass, or tender area:
- Palpation may reveal a palpable mass or tender area that could indicate a tumor, abscess, or other pathology causing obstruction.
- Tympany:
- Percussion may elicit a high-pitched, drum-like sound over dilated loops of bowel.
- Succussion splash:
- Shaking the abdomen may produce a "gurgling" sound if fluid and gas are trapped in the obstructed bowel.
Additional Observations:
- Vomiting and diarrhea:
- The presence of vomiting and diarrhea may be associated with intestinal obstruction.
- Pain:
- Colicky or cramping pain may accompany intestinal obstruction.
- Constipation:
- Failure to pass stools or gas can indicate an obstruction.
Inspection:
- Asymmetrical and/or distended abdomen:
- Dilated loops of bowel may be visible in the abdomen.
- The distension may be more pronounced on one side in cases of partial obstruction.
- Hernias:
- Protrusions through the abdominal wall can indicate a potential site of obstruction.
- Caput medusae:
- Visible dilated periumbilical veins may suggest portal hypertension due to impaired blood flow in the splanchnic system.
- Peristalsis:
- Reduced or absent peristaltic activity may be observed.
- Visible peristaltic waves moving against the direction of normal flow can indicate a mechanical obstruction.
- Lump, mass, or tender area:
- Palpation may reveal a palpable mass or tender area that could indicate a tumor, abscess, or other pathology causing obstruction.
- Tympany:
- Percussion may elicit a high-pitched, drum-like sound over dilated loops of bowel.
- Succussion splash:
- Shaking the abdomen may produce a "gurgling" sound if fluid and gas are trapped in the obstructed bowel.
Additional Observations:
- Vomiting and diarrhea:
- The presence of vomiting and diarrhea may be associated with intestinal obstruction.
- Pain:
- Colicky or cramping pain may accompany intestinal obstruction.
- Constipation:
- Failure to pass stools or gas can indicate an obstruction.
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