Describe the following additives/excipients tabl Antioxidants Preservatives Emulsifiers Surfactants Solvents Plasticizers Adsorbents Anti foaming agents Dye fixatives Buffering agents Coloures?

Antioxidants: These additives are used to prevent oxidation and spoilage of the product by inhibiting the formation of free radicals.

Preservatives: These additives are used to extend the shelf life of the product by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and mold.

Emulsifiers: These additives are used to stabilize and homogenize mixtures of immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, to prevent separation.

Surfactants: These additives are used to reduce the surface tension between two substances, allowing them to mix more easily. They are commonly used in cleaning products and personal care items.

Solvents: These additives are used to dissolve other substances to create a solution. They are commonly used in pharmaceuticals, paints, and cleaning products.

Plasticizers: These additives are used to increase the flexibility and durability of plastics by reducing their brittleness.

Adsorbents: These additives are used to adsorb or bind to impurities in a product, helping to purify it.

Anti-foaming agents: These additives are used to reduce or prevent the formation of foam in a product, such as in food and beverages.

Dye fixatives: These additives are used to help dyes adhere to fabrics or other materials, preventing them from fading or washing out.

Buffering agents: These additives are used to maintain the pH of a product within a specific range to ensure stability and effectiveness.

Colours: These additives are used to add color to a product, making it more visually appealing or to differentiate between different products.

Antioxidants

- Purpose: Prevent oxidation of active ingredients and excipients, prolonging shelf life.
- Example: Ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)

Preservatives

- Purpose: Inhibit microbial growth and protect the formulation from contamination.
- Example: Benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate

Emulsifiers

- Purpose: Stabilize emulsions by preventing oil and water from separating.
- Example: Lecithin, polysorbates, poloxamers

Surfactants

- Purpose: Reduce surface tension and facilitate wetting, solubilization, and emulsification.
- Example: Sodium lauryl sulfate, polysorbates, Tween

Solvents

- Purpose: Dissolve or disperse active ingredients and other excipients.
- Example: Water, alcohol, propylene glycol

Plasticizers

- Purpose: Make polymers more flexible and pliable.
- Example: Phthalates, polyvinyl acetate

Adsorbents

- Purpose: Bind to active ingredients and other substances to improve stability or delivery.
- Example: Activated charcoal, silica

Anti-foaming agents

- Purpose: Prevent or reduce foam formation, which can interfere with manufacturing or packaging.
- Example: Dimethicone, simethicone

Dye fixatives

- Purpose: Help dyes adhere to fabrics or other materials, improving their colorfastness.
- Example: Tannic acid, alum

Buffering agents

- Purpose: Maintain an optimal pH range for the formulation, ensuring stability and efficacy.
- Example: Citric acid, sodium phosphate

Colors

- Purpose: Provide color to the formulation for aesthetic or identification purposes.
- Example: Tartrazine, sunset yellow, methylene blue