Describe the background to realism in education in the 17th century?

Realism in education in the 17th century was influenced by the philosophical movement known as empiricism, which emphasized the importance of sensory experience and observation in acquiring knowledge. This movement was led by philosophers such as John Locke and Francis Bacon, who believed that knowledge should be based on evidence and observation rather than abstract reasoning.

During this time, there was a shift towards a more practical and hands-on approach to education, with a focus on teaching students practical skills and knowledge that could be applied in the real world. This was a departure from the more traditional, theoretical approach to education that had been prevalent in previous centuries.

Realism in education also emphasized the importance of teaching students about the natural world and the physical sciences. This was in contrast to the more religious and moralistic approach to education that had been common in earlier centuries.

Overall, the background to realism in education in the 17th century was characterized by a shift towards a more practical, evidence-based approach to teaching and learning, influenced by the philosophical ideas of empiricism and a growing interest in the natural sciences.

Background to Realism in Education in the 17th Century

1. Humanism and the Renaissance:
- The Renaissance sparked a renewed emphasis on humanistic values, prioritizing the study of classical texts, history, and literature.
- This led to a focus on practical knowledge and worldly concerns that would prepare individuals for life in society.

2. Scientific Revolution:
- The scientific revolution of the 17th century challenged traditional beliefs and knowledge systems.
- Scientists like Isaac Newton and Galileo Galilei emphasized empirical observation, experimentation, and rationalism.

3. Religious Reform:
- The Protestant Reformation challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and led to a decline in religious influence on education.
- This created space for alternative educational theories that emphasized individual reason and the practical application of knowledge.

4. Rise of the Middle Class:
- The growth of trade and industry during the 17th century created a burgeoning middle class.
- This class demanded an education that would prepare their children for careers in business, government, and the professions.

5. Changing Educational Institutions:
- Schools and universities began to emerge as the primary institutions for formal education.
- These institutions were increasingly influenced by humanistic and scientific ideas, which led to a shift away from rote memorization and towards experiential learning.

Key Principles of Realism in Education:

- Emphasis on practical knowledge: Education should equip individuals with skills and knowledge that are useful in everyday life.
- Experiential learning: Students should learn through observation, experimentation, and problem-solving.
- Individualism: Education should foster the development of critical thinking, independent judgment, and self-reliance.
- Naturalism: Education should respect the nature of the child and provide opportunities for physical and intellectual growth.
- Utilitarianism: Education should be judged on its practical benefits and its ability to prepare students for a successful life in society.