Philip Kaloki
Apr 5
Describe six ways of generating antibody diversity?
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Apr 5
1. V(D)J recombination: During B cell development, segments of the variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments in the immunoglobulin gene loci are randomly rearranged to create a unique sequence for the antigen-binding region of the antibody.
2. Somatic hypermutation: After antigen exposure, B cells undergo somatic hypermutation in their immunoglobulin genes, leading to random mutations in the variable region that can increase antibody affinity for the antigen.
3. Combinatorial diversity: The combination of different V, D, and J gene segments during V(D)J recombination generates a large number of possible sequences for the antigen-binding region of the antibody.
4. Junctional diversity: During V(D)J recombination, the joining of gene segments can result in the addition or deletion of nucleotides at the junctions, leading to further diversity in the antibody sequence.
5. Class switching: B cells can switch the constant region of their antibody gene from IgM to other isotypes such as IgG, IgA, or IgE, allowing for different effector functions while maintaining the same antigen specificity.
6. Alternative splicing: B cells can generate different isoforms of antibodies through alternative splicing of the primary RNA transcript, resulting in antibodies with different functional properties.
2. Somatic hypermutation: After antigen exposure, B cells undergo somatic hypermutation in their immunoglobulin genes, leading to random mutations in the variable region that can increase antibody affinity for the antigen.
3. Combinatorial diversity: The combination of different V, D, and J gene segments during V(D)J recombination generates a large number of possible sequences for the antigen-binding region of the antibody.
4. Junctional diversity: During V(D)J recombination, the joining of gene segments can result in the addition or deletion of nucleotides at the junctions, leading to further diversity in the antibody sequence.
5. Class switching: B cells can switch the constant region of their antibody gene from IgM to other isotypes such as IgG, IgA, or IgE, allowing for different effector functions while maintaining the same antigen specificity.
6. Alternative splicing: B cells can generate different isoforms of antibodies through alternative splicing of the primary RNA transcript, resulting in antibodies with different functional properties.
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