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Nov 27, 2023
1. Tonometry: This technique measures the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye. Elevated IOP is a common sign of glaucoma. Tonometry can be performed using various methods, such as applanation tonometry, non-contact tonometry, or handheld tonometry devices.
2. Visual field testing: Glaucoma often causes peripheral vision loss, which can be detected through visual field testing. This test involves looking straight ahead while small lights or objects are presented in the peripheral vision. The patient indicates when they see the lights or objects, helping to map any areas of vision loss.
3. Optical coherence tomography (OCT): OCT is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides detailed cross-sectional images of the retina. It helps to assess the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, which can be affected by glaucoma. OCT can also measure the cup-to-disc ratio, which is an important indicator of glaucoma.
4. Gonioscopy: This technique allows the doctor to examine the drainage angle of the eye. A special lens is placed on the cornea to visualize the angle structures. It helps determine if the angle is open or closed, which is crucial in diagnosing different types of glaucoma.
5. Pachymetry: Pachymetry measures the thickness of the cornea. Corneal thickness can influence the accuracy of intraocular pressure measurements. Thinner corneas may lead to underestimation of IOP, while thicker corneas may result in overestimation. Therefore, pachymetry helps in interpreting IOP measurements accurately.
6. Fundus examination: A comprehensive examination of the back of the eye, including the optic nerve, is essential for diagnosing glaucoma. The doctor uses an ophthalmoscope or a slit lamp with a special lens to visualize the optic nerve head and assess any signs of damage or cupping, which are indicative of glaucoma.
2. Visual field testing: Glaucoma often causes peripheral vision loss, which can be detected through visual field testing. This test involves looking straight ahead while small lights or objects are presented in the peripheral vision. The patient indicates when they see the lights or objects, helping to map any areas of vision loss.
3. Optical coherence tomography (OCT): OCT is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides detailed cross-sectional images of the retina. It helps to assess the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, which can be affected by glaucoma. OCT can also measure the cup-to-disc ratio, which is an important indicator of glaucoma.
4. Gonioscopy: This technique allows the doctor to examine the drainage angle of the eye. A special lens is placed on the cornea to visualize the angle structures. It helps determine if the angle is open or closed, which is crucial in diagnosing different types of glaucoma.
5. Pachymetry: Pachymetry measures the thickness of the cornea. Corneal thickness can influence the accuracy of intraocular pressure measurements. Thinner corneas may lead to underestimation of IOP, while thicker corneas may result in overestimation. Therefore, pachymetry helps in interpreting IOP measurements accurately.
6. Fundus examination: A comprehensive examination of the back of the eye, including the optic nerve, is essential for diagnosing glaucoma. The doctor uses an ophthalmoscope or a slit lamp with a special lens to visualize the optic nerve head and assess any signs of damage or cupping, which are indicative of glaucoma.
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