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Apr 16
JAK-STAT pathway:
The JAK-STAT pathway is a signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression in response to various extracellular signals, such as cytokines and growth factors. The pathway is named after two key components: Janus kinases (JAKs) and Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs).
When a cytokine or growth factor binds to its receptor on the cell surface, it triggers the activation of JAKs, which then phosphorylate the receptor. The phosphorylated receptor acts as a docking site for STAT proteins, which are then phosphorylated by JAKs. Once activated, STAT proteins dimerize and translocate to the nucleus, where they regulate the transcription of target genes.
The JAK-STAT pathway is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including immune response, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Smad pathway:
The Smad pathway is a signaling pathway that plays a key role in transmitting signals from the cell surface to the nucleus in response to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and related cytokines. The pathway is named after the Smad proteins, which are the key signaling molecules involved in this pathway.
When TGF-β binds to its receptor on the cell surface, it triggers the activation of receptor-regulated Smad proteins (R-Smads), which then form complexes with a common Smad protein (Co-Smad). These complexes translocate to the nucleus, where they regulate the transcription of target genes by interacting with other transcription factors and co-activators.
The Smad pathway is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of the Smad pathway has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, and developmental disorders.
The JAK-STAT pathway is a signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression in response to various extracellular signals, such as cytokines and growth factors. The pathway is named after two key components: Janus kinases (JAKs) and Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs).
When a cytokine or growth factor binds to its receptor on the cell surface, it triggers the activation of JAKs, which then phosphorylate the receptor. The phosphorylated receptor acts as a docking site for STAT proteins, which are then phosphorylated by JAKs. Once activated, STAT proteins dimerize and translocate to the nucleus, where they regulate the transcription of target genes.
The JAK-STAT pathway is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including immune response, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Smad pathway:
The Smad pathway is a signaling pathway that plays a key role in transmitting signals from the cell surface to the nucleus in response to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and related cytokines. The pathway is named after the Smad proteins, which are the key signaling molecules involved in this pathway.
When TGF-β binds to its receptor on the cell surface, it triggers the activation of receptor-regulated Smad proteins (R-Smads), which then form complexes with a common Smad protein (Co-Smad). These complexes translocate to the nucleus, where they regulate the transcription of target genes by interacting with other transcription factors and co-activators.
The Smad pathway is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of the Smad pathway has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, and developmental disorders.
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