Describe Cytokinesis in plants cell?

Cytokinesis in plant cells is the process by which the cytoplasm of the cell is divided into two daughter cells following the completion of mitosis. In plant cells, cytokinesis involves the formation of a cell plate, which is a structure that forms between the two daughter nuclei.

During cytokinesis, vesicles containing cell wall material are transported to the center of the cell where they fuse together to form the cell plate. The cell plate grows outward towards the cell walls, eventually fusing with the existing cell walls to create two separate daughter cells.

The formation of the cell plate is guided by the phragmoplast, a structure made up of microtubules and actin filaments that help to position the vesicles in the correct location. Once the cell plate is fully formed and fused with the cell walls, the two daughter cells are completely separated and can continue to grow and develop independently.

Cytokinesis in Plant Cells

Cytokinesis is the process by which a cell physically divides into two daughter cells. In plant cells, it occurs after mitosis and is unique due to the presence of a cell wall.

Phases of Cytokinesis in Plant Cells:

1. Cell Plate Formation:

- After mitosis, Golgi vesicles containing cell wall material accumulate in the central region of the cell.
- These vesicles fuse to form a disk-shaped structure called the cell plate.
- The cell plate grows outward from the center towards the cell periphery.

2. Phragmoplast Formation:

- Microtubules from the mitotic spindle form a dense array called the phragmoplast around the growing cell plate.
- The phragmoplast helps guide the deposition of cell wall material and provides rigidity to the dividing cell.

3. Cell Wall Synthesis:

- Cellulose synthase enzymes from the Golgi apparatus are transported to the phragmoplast.
- They synthesize cellulose microfibrils, which are deposited on the growing cell plate.
- The cellulose microfibrils form a rigid framework that strengthens the cell wall and separates the daughter cells.

4. Removal of the Phragmoplast:

- Once the cell wall is fully formed, the phragmoplast disassembles.
- The remaining microtubules reorganize into the primary cell walls of the daughter cells.

Peculiarities of Cytokinesis in Plant Cells:

- Plasmodesmata Formation: As the cell plate forms, plasmodesmata, channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, are created through the newly formed cell wall.
- Cellulose Deposition: The cell wall of plant cells is composed primarily of cellulose, which gives it added strength and rigidity compared to the cell membranes of animal cells.
- Secondary Cell Wall Formation: In some plant cells, a secondary cell wall is deposited on the inner side of the primary cell wall, further strengthening the cell.

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