1. Filtration: Lymph nodes act as filters for lymph fluid, removing debris, pathogens, and other harmful substances before the fluid is returned to the bloodstream.
2. Immune response: Lymph nodes contain immune cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, which help to identify and destroy pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses.
3. Production of antibodies: Lymph nodes play a key role in the production of antibodies, which are proteins that help the immune system to recognize and neutralize foreign invaders.
4. Storage of immune cells: Lymph nodes store immune cells, such as memory B cells and T cells, which can quickly respond to future infections by recognizing and attacking specific pathogens.
5. Activation of immune cells: Lymph nodes help to activate immune cells, such as dendritic cells, which present antigens to T cells, triggering an immune response.
6. Regulation of inflammation: Lymph nodes help to regulate inflammation by releasing cytokines, which are signaling molecules that control the immune response.
7. Surveillance: Lymph nodes act as surveillance centers, monitoring the body for signs of infection or disease and coordinating the immune response to protect against threats.
8. Drainage: Lymph nodes help to drain excess fluid from tissues, preventing swelling and maintaining proper fluid balance in the body.