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Jan 27
1. Structure: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a small, non-enveloped virus belonging to the Picornaviridae family. It has a single-stranded RNA genome enclosed in an icosahedral capsid.
2. Transmission: HAV is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, usually by consuming contaminated food or water. It can also spread through close personal contact or sexual contact with an infected individual.
3. Incubation period: The incubation period for HAV ranges from 15 to 50 days, with an average of 28 days. During this time, an infected person may not exhibit any symptoms but can still transmit the virus to others.
4. Symptoms: Symptoms of hepatitis A can vary from mild to severe. Common symptoms include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and clay-colored stools.
5. Acute infection: HAV causes acute hepatitis, which means that the infection is short-term and typically resolves on its own within a few weeks to months. Chronic infection does not occur with HAV.
6. Immunity: Once a person recovers from HAV infection, they develop lifelong immunity to the virus. This means that they are protected from future HAV infections.
7. Vaccination: Vaccination is available to prevent HAV infection. The hepatitis A vaccine is highly effective and is recommended for individuals at risk, including travelers to endemic areas, men who have sex with men, and individuals with chronic liver disease.
8. Global prevalence: Hepatitis A is a global health concern, with an estimated 1.4 million cases occurring annually worldwide. It is more common in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water and proper hygiene practices.
2. Transmission: HAV is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, usually by consuming contaminated food or water. It can also spread through close personal contact or sexual contact with an infected individual.
3. Incubation period: The incubation period for HAV ranges from 15 to 50 days, with an average of 28 days. During this time, an infected person may not exhibit any symptoms but can still transmit the virus to others.
4. Symptoms: Symptoms of hepatitis A can vary from mild to severe. Common symptoms include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, and clay-colored stools.
5. Acute infection: HAV causes acute hepatitis, which means that the infection is short-term and typically resolves on its own within a few weeks to months. Chronic infection does not occur with HAV.
6. Immunity: Once a person recovers from HAV infection, they develop lifelong immunity to the virus. This means that they are protected from future HAV infections.
7. Vaccination: Vaccination is available to prevent HAV infection. The hepatitis A vaccine is highly effective and is recommended for individuals at risk, including travelers to endemic areas, men who have sex with men, and individuals with chronic liver disease.
8. Global prevalence: Hepatitis A is a global health concern, with an estimated 1.4 million cases occurring annually worldwide. It is more common in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water and proper hygiene practices.
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