Describe 15 commonly used excipients used in tablets and functions?

1. Microcrystalline cellulose: Acts as a binder, disintegrant, and filler in tablets.
2. Lactose: Acts as a filler, binder, and diluent in tablets.
3. Magnesium stearate: Acts as a lubricant and helps in the release of tablets from molds.
4. Croscarmellose sodium: Acts as a super disintegrant in tablets.
5. Povidone: Acts as a binder and disintegrant in tablets.
6. Sodium starch glycolate: Acts as a super disintegrant in tablets.
7. Hydroxypropyl cellulose: Acts as a binder and disintegrant in tablets.
8. Polyethylene glycol: Acts as a binder and lubricant in tablets.
9. Talc: Acts as a glidant and lubricant in tablets.
10. Silicon dioxide: Acts as a glidant and anti-caking agent in tablets.
11. Polyvinyl alcohol: Acts as a binder and film-forming agent in tablets.
12. Hypromellose: Acts as a binder and film-forming agent in tablets.
13. Stearic acid: Acts as a lubricant and helps in the release of tablets from molds.
14. Ethyl cellulose: Acts as a binder and film-forming agent in tablets.
15. Sorbitol: Acts as a sweetener and filler in tablets.

1. Binders: Hold the tablet together once compressed. Examples include:
- Cellulose derivatives (microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose)
- Starch (pregelatinized starch, corn starch)
- Gelatin

2. Disintegrants: Promote tablet breakdown in the body. Examples include:
- Cross-linked carboxymethylcellulose
- Sodium starch glycolate
- Croscarmellose sodium

3. Lubricants: Reduce friction during manufacturing and enhance tablet flow and ejection. Examples include:
- Stearic acid
- Magnesium stearate
- Talc

4. Glidants: Improve powder flowability and reduce tableting problems. Examples include:
- Colloidal silicon dioxide
- Magnesium trisilicate
- Talc

5. Fillers: Add bulk to the tablet and reduce the amount of active ingredient needed. Examples include:
- Lactose
- Mannitol
- Microcrystalline cellulose

6. Colors: Provide color and help distinguish tablets. Examples include:
- D&C Red No. 27
- FD&C Blue No. 1
- Iron oxide

7. Flavors: Mask unpleasant tastes or enhance palatability. Examples include:
- Artificial strawberry
- Chocolate
- Mint

8. Sweeteners: Improve taste and mask bitterness. Examples include:
- Sucralose
- Aspartame
- Saccharin

9. pH adjusters: Control the pH of the tablet to ensure stability and solubility. Examples include:
- Sodium bicarbonate
- Citric acid
- Acetic acid

10. Preservatives: Prevent the growth of microorganisms in the tablet. Examples include:
- Methylparaben
- Propylparaben
- Benzoic acid

11. Antioxidants: Prevent the oxidation of susceptible ingredients. Examples include:
- Vitamin E
- Ascorbic acid
- Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)

12. Surfactants: Improve the wetting and dispersion of ingredients. Examples include:
- Polysorbate 80
- Sodium dodecyl sulfate
- Tween 20

13. Suspending agents: Keep insoluble solids suspended in liquid formulations. Examples include:
- Bentonite
- Carbomer
- Hydroxyethyl cellulose

14. Thickeners: Increase the viscosity of liquid formulations. Examples include:
- Xanthan gum
- Guar gum
- Carbomer

15. Sustained-release agents: Control the release of the active ingredient over a period of time. Examples include:
- Ethylcellulose
- Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
- Methacrylic acid copolymers