Defined the following terminologies: 1 Adnate 2 connate 3 epipetalous stamen 4 Aestivation?

1. Adnate: Refers to a plant part that is fused or attached to another part, such as a stamen fused to a petal.

2. Connate: Refers to plant parts that are united or fused together from the beginning of their development, such as connate petals that are fused at the base.

3. Epipetalous stamen: Refers to a stamen that is attached to a petal of a flower, typically at the base of the petal.

4. Aestivation: Refers to the arrangement of floral parts in a flower bud before it opens, such as the overlapping or arrangement of petals or sepals.

1. Adnate

- Refers to plant structures that are partially or completely fused together, typically along their edges or margins.

2. Connate

- Similar to adnate, but specifically used to describe the fusion of two or more similar structures, such as leaves or petals, along their entire length.

3. Epipetalous Stamen

- A type of stamen in which the filament, the structure that supports the anther, is attached to the petals of the flower, rather than to the receptacle.

4. Aestivation

- Refers to the arrangement and overlapping of floral organs, such as petals or sepals, before the flower opens. Different types of aestivation include:

- Valvate: Petals or sepals do not overlap but are arranged edge-to-edge.
- Imbricate: Petals or sepals overlap like shingles, with one margin covering the edge of another.
- Contorted: Petals or sepals twist and fold irregularly before opening.
- Twisted: Petals or sepals are spirally arranged and twisted around each other.
- Quincuncial: Two petals or sepals are outermost and form a nearly complete circle, while the remaining three are imbricate.