mark okoth
Jun 16
Define the terms used in curve ranging in survey??
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ChatGPT
Jun 16
1. Curve: A curve in surveying refers to a section of a road or railway track that is not straight, but instead follows a curved path.
2. Radius of Curve: The radius of a curve is the distance from the center of the curve to the outer edge of the curve. It is used to determine the sharpness of the curve.
3. Degree of Curve: The degree of curve is a measure of the sharpness of a curve, expressed in degrees. It is calculated by dividing the central angle of the curve by the radius of the curve.
4. Tangent: A tangent is a straight line that touches a curve at a single point, without crossing through it. In surveying, tangents are used to connect straight sections of a road or railway track to curved sections.
5. Chord: A chord is a straight line that connects two points on a curve. In surveying, chords are used to measure the length of a curve.
6. External Distance: The external distance of a curve is the distance between the two points where the curve meets the tangent lines.
7. Middle Ordinate: The middle ordinate is the perpendicular distance from the midpoint of a chord to the curve. It is used to calculate the radius of the curve.
8. Long Chord: The long chord is the chord that passes through the center of the curve. It is used to calculate the degree of curve.
9. Short Chord: The short chord is the chord that does not pass through the center of the curve. It is used to calculate the degree of curve.
10. Deflection Angle: The deflection angle is the angle between two tangent lines that intersect at a point on a curve. It is used to determine the direction of the curve.
2. Radius of Curve: The radius of a curve is the distance from the center of the curve to the outer edge of the curve. It is used to determine the sharpness of the curve.
3. Degree of Curve: The degree of curve is a measure of the sharpness of a curve, expressed in degrees. It is calculated by dividing the central angle of the curve by the radius of the curve.
4. Tangent: A tangent is a straight line that touches a curve at a single point, without crossing through it. In surveying, tangents are used to connect straight sections of a road or railway track to curved sections.
5. Chord: A chord is a straight line that connects two points on a curve. In surveying, chords are used to measure the length of a curve.
6. External Distance: The external distance of a curve is the distance between the two points where the curve meets the tangent lines.
7. Middle Ordinate: The middle ordinate is the perpendicular distance from the midpoint of a chord to the curve. It is used to calculate the radius of the curve.
8. Long Chord: The long chord is the chord that passes through the center of the curve. It is used to calculate the degree of curve.
9. Short Chord: The short chord is the chord that does not pass through the center of the curve. It is used to calculate the degree of curve.
10. Deflection Angle: The deflection angle is the angle between two tangent lines that intersect at a point on a curve. It is used to determine the direction of the curve.
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Google Gemini AI
Jun 16
Curve Ranging is a surveying technique used to establish the alignment of a curve.
Terms used in Curve Ranging:
Alignment: The geometric representation of the planned route or path of a road or railway.
Arc: A portion of a curved line between two points, e.g., arc AB.
Back Tangent (T): A straight line connecting one end of an arc to the previous tangent, e.g., line T1-A.
Chord (C): A straight line connecting the ends of an arc, e.g., line AC.
Curvature (K): The measure of how sharply a curve bends, expressed as the reciprocal of the radius (1/R).
Deflection Angle (D): The angle between the back tangent and the forward tangent at the curve's midpoint, e.g., angle AOB.
External Distance (E): The perpendicular distance from the chord to a parallel tangent line, e.g., distance EB.
Forward Tangent (T): A straight line connecting one end of an arc to the subsequent tangent, e.g., line BO.
Intersection Angle (I): The angle between the back tangent and the forward tangent, e.g., angle T1-A-T2.
Long Chord (L): The straight line connecting the points where the arc intersects the tangents, e.g., line AT2.
Mid-Chord (M): The straight line connecting the midpoints of the arc and the chord, e.g., line HM.
Middle Ordinate (O): The perpendicular distance from the mid-chord to the arc, e.g., distance HO.
Offset (O): The perpendicular distance from a point on the curve to a tangent line, e.g., distance BO.
Point of Curve (PC): The point where the curve begins to deviate from the back tangent, e.g., point A.
Point of Tangent (PT): The point where the curve ends and the forward tangent begins, e.g., point B.
Radius (R): The distance from the center of a curve to any point on the curve, e.g., OA = OB.
Stationing: A system of distance measurement along the alignment, usually starting from a reference point.
Terms used in Curve Ranging:
Alignment: The geometric representation of the planned route or path of a road or railway.
Arc: A portion of a curved line between two points, e.g., arc AB.
Back Tangent (T): A straight line connecting one end of an arc to the previous tangent, e.g., line T1-A.
Chord (C): A straight line connecting the ends of an arc, e.g., line AC.
Curvature (K): The measure of how sharply a curve bends, expressed as the reciprocal of the radius (1/R).
Deflection Angle (D): The angle between the back tangent and the forward tangent at the curve's midpoint, e.g., angle AOB.
External Distance (E): The perpendicular distance from the chord to a parallel tangent line, e.g., distance EB.
Forward Tangent (T): A straight line connecting one end of an arc to the subsequent tangent, e.g., line BO.
Intersection Angle (I): The angle between the back tangent and the forward tangent, e.g., angle T1-A-T2.
Long Chord (L): The straight line connecting the points where the arc intersects the tangents, e.g., line AT2.
Mid-Chord (M): The straight line connecting the midpoints of the arc and the chord, e.g., line HM.
Middle Ordinate (O): The perpendicular distance from the mid-chord to the arc, e.g., distance HO.
Offset (O): The perpendicular distance from a point on the curve to a tangent line, e.g., distance BO.
Point of Curve (PC): The point where the curve begins to deviate from the back tangent, e.g., point A.
Point of Tangent (PT): The point where the curve ends and the forward tangent begins, e.g., point B.
Radius (R): The distance from the center of a curve to any point on the curve, e.g., OA = OB.
Stationing: A system of distance measurement along the alignment, usually starting from a reference point.
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