Define the term feedback as applied to oscillators.

Feedback in oscillators refers to the process of taking a portion of the output signal and feeding it back into the input of the oscillator to sustain oscillation. This feedback loop helps to maintain the oscillation by continuously reinforcing the input signal. It is a crucial component in the operation of oscillators, as it allows for the generation of a stable and sustained oscillating signal.

In oscillators, feedback refers to the process where a portion of the output signal is fed back to the input, affecting the behaviour of the oscillator. This feedback can be either positive or negative, leading to different outcomes in the oscillator's operation:

1. Positive Feedback:
- Amplifies the input signal, increasing the output amplitude over time.
- Creates a self-sustaining oscillation, where the output signal is used as input to generate further oscillations.
- Examples include relaxation oscillators (e.g., multivibrators) and LC tank oscillators.

2. Negative Feedback:
- Attenuates the input signal, reducing the output amplitude over time.
- Dampens oscillations, eventually stabilizing the output signal.
- Examples include voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) and crystal oscillators.

Feedback plays a crucial role in oscillators by:

- Controlling the oscillation frequency and stability.
- Shaping the waveform and limiting amplitude variations.
- Providing a means to synchronize multiple oscillators.

Feedback mechanisms are essential for maintaining stable oscillations and achieving desired frequency behaviours in electronic circuits and systems.

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