Define the following 1: pre-testing 2: diagnostic test 3:formative test 4:summative test ?

1: Pre-testing is a test administered before a course or program begins to assess students' knowledge and skills in order to determine their baseline understanding and identify areas that may need further instruction.

2: A diagnostic test is a test administered to identify a student's strengths and weaknesses in a particular subject or skill area. It is used to diagnose specific areas where a student may need additional support or instruction.

3: A formative test is a test administered during a course or program to provide feedback on students' progress and understanding. It is used to inform instruction and help students improve their learning.

4: A summative test is a test administered at the end of a course or program to evaluate students' overall understanding and mastery of the material. It is used to assess students' performance and determine their final grade or level of achievement.