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Sep 2
Neurons are specialized cells in the nervous system that transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. They are the basic building blocks of the nervous system and are responsible for processing and transmitting information throughout the body. Neurons have a cell body, dendrites that receive signals from other neurons, and an axon that transmits signals to other neurons.
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Google Gemini AI
Sep 2
Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system and are specialized cells that transmit information throughout an organism. They are highly complex and can vary significantly in size, shape, and function.
Key characteristics of neurons:
1. Cell Body (Soma):
- The central part of the neuron which contains the nucleus and cytoplasm.
- Responsible for metabolic activities and protein synthesis.
2. Dendrites:
- Short, branching extensions of the cell body.
- Receive signals from other neurons.
3. Axon:
- Single, long extension of the cell body.
- Transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body.
4. Synapses:
- Contact points between neurons where communication occurs.
- Impulses are transmitted chemically (neurotransmitters) or electrically (gap junctions).
5. Electrical Signaling:
- Neurons generate electrical impulses called action potentials.
- These impulses travel along the axon towards the synapse.
6. Neurotransmitters:
- Chemical messengers released at synapses to influence the activity of adjacent neurons.
- Different neurotransmitters have diverse effects on target cells.
7. Myelin Sheath (in certain neurons):
- Fatty insulating layer surrounding the axon.
- Speeds up the transmission of electrical impulses.
Key characteristics of neurons:
1. Cell Body (Soma):
- The central part of the neuron which contains the nucleus and cytoplasm.
- Responsible for metabolic activities and protein synthesis.
2. Dendrites:
- Short, branching extensions of the cell body.
- Receive signals from other neurons.
3. Axon:
- Single, long extension of the cell body.
- Transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body.
4. Synapses:
- Contact points between neurons where communication occurs.
- Impulses are transmitted chemically (neurotransmitters) or electrically (gap junctions).
5. Electrical Signaling:
- Neurons generate electrical impulses called action potentials.
- These impulses travel along the axon towards the synapse.
6. Neurotransmitters:
- Chemical messengers released at synapses to influence the activity of adjacent neurons.
- Different neurotransmitters have diverse effects on target cells.
7. Myelin Sheath (in certain neurons):
- Fatty insulating layer surrounding the axon.
- Speeds up the transmission of electrical impulses.
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