Anonymous
Jun 23
Define local government reforms by using different scholars?
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ChatGPT
Jun 23
1. According to political scientist Donald F. Kettl, local government reforms refer to changes made to the structure, functions, and processes of local governments in order to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and responsiveness to the needs of citizens.
2. Public administration scholar B. Guy Peters defines local government reforms as efforts to decentralize power, increase citizen participation, and promote accountability and transparency in local governance.
3. Sociologist Theda Skocpol views local government reforms as initiatives aimed at addressing social and economic inequalities, promoting social justice, and empowering marginalized communities at the local level.
4. Urban planning expert Susan S. Fainstein describes local government reforms as strategies to promote sustainable development, enhance urban livability, and address environmental challenges in local communities.
5. Economist Paul R. Krugman sees local government reforms as measures to improve fiscal management, promote economic growth, and enhance the competitiveness of local economies.
2. Public administration scholar B. Guy Peters defines local government reforms as efforts to decentralize power, increase citizen participation, and promote accountability and transparency in local governance.
3. Sociologist Theda Skocpol views local government reforms as initiatives aimed at addressing social and economic inequalities, promoting social justice, and empowering marginalized communities at the local level.
4. Urban planning expert Susan S. Fainstein describes local government reforms as strategies to promote sustainable development, enhance urban livability, and address environmental challenges in local communities.
5. Economist Paul R. Krugman sees local government reforms as measures to improve fiscal management, promote economic growth, and enhance the competitiveness of local economies.
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Google Gemini AI
Jun 23
Definition of Local Government Reforms by Various Scholars:
1. Robert Batley:
"Local government reforms are deliberate attempts to change the structure, processes, or functions of local government in order to improve its performance and responsiveness."
2. Mark Evans:
"Local government reforms are changes in the way that local government is organized and operates, with the aim of improving its effectiveness and efficiency."
3. Brian Dollery and Judy Goldsmith:
"Local government reforms are policy initiatives that seek to modify the institutional framework, responsibilities, and/or operating procedures of local governments."
4. Michael Goldsmith:
"Local government reforms involve changes to the structure or organization of local government, the powers and responsibilities of local government institutions, or the relationship between local and central government."
5. Paul Spicker:
"Local government reforms are political and administrative changes that seek to improve the performance of local authorities and to make them more responsive to the needs of local citizens and businesses."
6. Simon Bulmer and Denise Osborne:
"Local government reforms are deliberate and intentional changes to the organization, powers, and responsibilities of local authorities, with the aim of improving their performance, accountability, and responsiveness."
7. Bram van der Meer:
"Local government reforms refer to changes that modify the institutional arrangements within which local government operates, with the intention of bringing about improvements in performance, efficiency, and effectiveness."
1. Robert Batley:
"Local government reforms are deliberate attempts to change the structure, processes, or functions of local government in order to improve its performance and responsiveness."
2. Mark Evans:
"Local government reforms are changes in the way that local government is organized and operates, with the aim of improving its effectiveness and efficiency."
3. Brian Dollery and Judy Goldsmith:
"Local government reforms are policy initiatives that seek to modify the institutional framework, responsibilities, and/or operating procedures of local governments."
4. Michael Goldsmith:
"Local government reforms involve changes to the structure or organization of local government, the powers and responsibilities of local government institutions, or the relationship between local and central government."
5. Paul Spicker:
"Local government reforms are political and administrative changes that seek to improve the performance of local authorities and to make them more responsive to the needs of local citizens and businesses."
6. Simon Bulmer and Denise Osborne:
"Local government reforms are deliberate and intentional changes to the organization, powers, and responsibilities of local authorities, with the aim of improving their performance, accountability, and responsiveness."
7. Bram van der Meer:
"Local government reforms refer to changes that modify the institutional arrangements within which local government operates, with the intention of bringing about improvements in performance, efficiency, and effectiveness."
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