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Jun 23
Hybridisation is a concept in chemistry that involves the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals. This process allows for the formation of stronger and more stable bonds between atoms in molecules. Hybridisation is commonly used to explain the molecular geometry and bonding in organic compounds.
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Google Gemini AI
Jun 23
Hybridisation is a concept in chemistry that describes the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals with different shapes and properties. The hybrid orbitals are a combination of the original atomic orbitals and have different energies and orientations compared to the original orbitals.
Hybridisation occurs when atoms combine to form chemical bonds. The type of hybridisation that occurs depends on the number and type of atomic orbitals involved in the bonding. The most common types of hybridisation are sp3, sp2, and sp.
- sp3 hybridisation: Occurs when one s orbital and three p orbitals hybridise to form four equivalent sp3 hybrid orbitals. These orbitals have a tetrahedral geometry and are used to form single bonds in compounds such as methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6).
- sp2 hybridisation: Occurs when one s orbital and two p orbitals hybridise to form three equivalent sp2 hybrid orbitals. These orbitals have a trigonal planar geometry and are used to form double bonds in compounds such as ethene (C2H4) and benzene (C6H6).
- sp hybridisation: Occurs when one s orbital and one p orbital hybridise to form two equivalent sp hybrid orbitals. These orbitals have a linear geometry and are used to form triple bonds in compounds such as acetylene (C2H2) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN).
Hybridisation is an important concept in chemistry as it helps to explain the bonding and geometry of molecules. It also plays a role in determining the properties of compounds, such as their reactivity and stability.
Hybridisation occurs when atoms combine to form chemical bonds. The type of hybridisation that occurs depends on the number and type of atomic orbitals involved in the bonding. The most common types of hybridisation are sp3, sp2, and sp.
- sp3 hybridisation: Occurs when one s orbital and three p orbitals hybridise to form four equivalent sp3 hybrid orbitals. These orbitals have a tetrahedral geometry and are used to form single bonds in compounds such as methane (CH4) and ethane (C2H6).
- sp2 hybridisation: Occurs when one s orbital and two p orbitals hybridise to form three equivalent sp2 hybrid orbitals. These orbitals have a trigonal planar geometry and are used to form double bonds in compounds such as ethene (C2H4) and benzene (C6H6).
- sp hybridisation: Occurs when one s orbital and one p orbital hybridise to form two equivalent sp hybrid orbitals. These orbitals have a linear geometry and are used to form triple bonds in compounds such as acetylene (C2H2) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN).
Hybridisation is an important concept in chemistry as it helps to explain the bonding and geometry of molecules. It also plays a role in determining the properties of compounds, such as their reactivity and stability.
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