Disease incidence refers to the number of new cases of a specific disease that occur within a defined population during a specific time period. It is a measure of the rate at which new cases of a disease develop in a population over a given period of time. Disease incidence is typically expressed as a rate or a proportion, such as the number of new cases per 1,000 or 100,000 individuals at risk. It is an important measure in epidemiology for understanding the burden and spread of diseases in a population.