Consonatal features and examples?

Consonantal features refer to the characteristics of consonant sounds in language. Some common consonantal features include:

1. Place of articulation: This refers to where in the vocal tract the sound is produced. For example, sounds can be produced at the lips (bilabial), the teeth (dental), the alveolar ridge (alveolar), the hard palate (palatal), or the velum (velar).

2. Manner of articulation: This refers to how the airflow is obstructed or modified to produce the sound. Examples include stops (complete closure of the vocal tract, such as /p/), fricatives (partial closure causing friction, such as /f/), and nasals (airflow through the nose, such as /m/).

3. Voicing: This refers to whether the vocal cords are vibrating during the production of the sound. Sounds can be voiced (vocal cords vibrate, such as /z/) or voiceless (vocal cords do not vibrate, such as /s/).

Examples of consonantal features in English include the following sounds:

- Bilabial stop: /p/ as in "pat"
- Alveolar fricative: /s/ as in "sit"
- Velar nasal: /ŋ/ as in "sing"