Compare The political institution between papua new Guinea and australia and their functions,roles,similarities and differences?

Papua New Guinea and Australia both have parliamentary systems of government, but there are significant differences in their political institutions.

In Papua New Guinea, the political institution is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. The country is a Commonwealth realm, with the monarch of the United Kingdom as the head of state represented by a Governor-General. The Parliament of Papua New Guinea is unicameral, consisting of a National Parliament with 111 members elected by popular vote.

In Australia, the political institution is also a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. The country is a Commonwealth realm, with the monarch of the United Kingdom as the head of state represented by a Governor-General. The Parliament of Australia is bicameral, consisting of a House of Representatives with 151 members elected by popular vote and a Senate with 76 members elected by proportional representation.

The functions and roles of the political institutions in both countries are similar in that they are responsible for making laws, overseeing government operations, and representing the interests of the people. However, there are some key differences in the way these functions are carried out.

One major difference is the size and composition of the parliaments. Papua New Guinea has a smaller parliament with fewer members, which can make decision-making more challenging. Australia, on the other hand, has a larger parliament with two chambers, which allows for more diverse representation and debate.

Another difference is the level of political stability and party discipline. Papua New Guinea has a history of political instability and frequent changes in government, while Australia has a more stable political system with stronger party discipline.

Overall, while Papua New Guinea and Australia both have parliamentary systems of government, there are significant differences in their political institutions, functions, and roles. These differences can impact the effectiveness and efficiency of government operations in each country.

Papua New Guinea

Political Institutions:

- Parliament: Unicameral legislature with 111 members
- Prime Minister: Head of government
- Governor-General: Head of state, representing the British monarch
- Supreme Court: Highest judicial body

Functions and Roles:

- Parliament: Enacts laws, oversees the government, holds the prime minister and cabinet accountable
- Prime Minister: Leads the government, sets policy, appoints cabinet members
- Governor-General: Acts on the advice of the prime minister, performs ceremonial duties
- Supreme Court: Interprets and upholds the constitution, resolves legal disputes

Australia

Political Institutions:

- Parliament: Bicameral legislature consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives
- Prime Minister: Head of government
- Governor-General: Head of state, representing the British monarch
- High Court of Australia: Highest judicial body

Functions and Roles:

- Parliament: Enacts laws, oversees the government, holds the prime minister and cabinet accountable
- Prime Minister: Leads the government, sets policy, appoints cabinet members
- Governor-General: Acts on the advice of the prime minister, performs ceremonial duties
- High Court of Australia: Interprets and upholds the constitution, resolves legal disputes

Similarities:

- Both countries are constitutional monarchies with a British monarch as their head of state.
- Both parliaments are the supreme legislative bodies.
- Both prime ministers head the government and lead their cabinet.
- Both countries have independent judiciaries that uphold the rule of law.

Differences:

- Parliamentary Structure: Papua New Guinea has a unicameral parliament, while Australia has a bicameral parliament.
- Cabinet Appointment: In Papua New Guinea, the prime minister appoints cabinet members and is not required to consult with parliament, whereas in Australia, the prime minister appoints cabinet members who must be approved by the parliament.
- Judicial Review: The Papua New Guinea Supreme Court has broader powers of judicial review than the Australian High Court, which generally does not have the power to overturn laws passed by the parliament.
- Size and Complexity: Australia is a much larger and more complex society than Papua New Guinea, with a more diverse population and a more developed economy. This has led to a more complex political system with a greater number of political parties and issues.