Compare and differentiate contemporary papua new Guinea cultures and traditional Papua New Guinea cultures in wantok system?

Contemporary Papua New Guinea cultures and traditional Papua New Guinea cultures both adhere to the wantok system, which is a system of mutual assistance and support among extended family members and close friends. However, there are some key differences between the two in terms of how the wantok system is practiced.

In traditional Papua New Guinea cultures, the wantok system is deeply ingrained in the social fabric of society and plays a central role in everyday life. People are expected to provide support and assistance to their wantoks in times of need, and failure to do so can result in social ostracism. This system is based on reciprocity and mutual obligation, with individuals expected to give and receive help without expecting anything in return.

In contemporary Papua New Guinea cultures, the wantok system has evolved and adapted to modern society. While the core principles of mutual assistance and support remain the same, the way in which the system is practiced has changed. In urban areas, where people are more mobile and less connected to their traditional communities, the wantok system may be less prevalent and may not be as strictly enforced as in rural areas. Additionally, the rise of cash economies and increased access to formal education and employment opportunities have also influenced the way in which the wantok system operates in contemporary Papua New Guinea cultures.

Overall, while the wantok system is still an important aspect of both traditional and contemporary Papua New Guinea cultures, the way in which it is practiced and the extent to which it influences social relationships may vary between the two.

Wantok System in Contemporary Papua New Guinea Culture

- Definition: A social structure based on shared kinship, clan, or language.
- Characteristics:
- Emphasis on collective responsibility and cooperation within the group.
- Strong sense of community and shared values.
- System of reciprocity and mutual support.
- Extended family networks that provide emotional and economic assistance.
- Adaptations:
- Integration of modern technology and education into traditional wantok networks.
- Urbanization and migration have created new wantok communities in cities.
- Increased role of women and youth in wantok affairs.

Wantok System in Traditional Papua New Guinea Culture

- Definition: A fundamental social organization based on kinship, clan, or language.
- Characteristics:
- Strict adherence to traditional customs and beliefs.
- Strong rituals and ceremonies that reinforce wantok ties.
- Limited outside contact and influence.
- Leadership based on age and experience within the clan.
- Adaptations:
- Wantok systems have remained relatively stable in rural areas.
- Traditional practices and beliefs continue to play a significant role in cultural identity.

Comparison and Differentiation

| Feature | Contemporary Wantok System | Traditional Wantok System |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Extends beyond traditional communities | Confined mostly to traditional communities |
| Adaptability | Adapts to modern influences | More resistant to outside influence |
| Structure | Hierarchical with some influence from modern organizations | Egalitarian with leadership based on tradition |
| Influence | Strong in urban areas | Dominant in rural areas |
| External Contact | High | Low |
| Technology and Education | Integrated | Limited |
| Role of Women and Youth | Increasing participation | Traditional roles and responsibilities |

Conclusion

The wantok system remains a central aspect of Papua New Guinea culture, shaping social interactions and community life. While contemporary wantok systems have adapted to modern influences, traditional practices continue to play an important role, especially in rural areas. The dynamic interplay between tradition and modernity continues to shape the wantok system in contemporary Papua New Guinea.