Psychoanalytic Theory and Humanistic Theory in Counseling
Psychoanalytic Theory
- Developed by Sigmund Freud
- Focuses on unconscious processes and the influence of past experiences
- Emphasizes the role of defense mechanisms, childhood conflicts, and the Oedipus complex
- Views human behavior as a result of unconscious drives, impulses, and conflicts
- Values the use of free association, dream analysis, and transference
Humanistic Theory
- Developed by Carl Rogers
- Focuses on the individual's potential for growth and self-actualization
- Emphasizes the importance of free will, personal growth, and fulfillment
- Views human beings as fundamentally good and capable of becoming fully functioning
- Values the use of unconditional positive regard, empathy, and congruence
Differences in Approach to Understanding Human Behavior and Development
1. Focus
- Psychoanalysis: Unconscious processes, past experiences, and intrapsychic conflicts
- Humanism: Individual's experiences, potential, and growth process
2. Nature of Human Beings
- Psychoanalysis: Driven by unconscious impulses and conflicts
- Humanism: Good, self-determining, and capable of fulfilling potential
3. Role of the Therapist
- Psychoanalysis: Expert who interprets unconscious conflicts and guides the client towards insight
- Humanism: Facilitator who provides unconditional positive regard and empathy, allowing the client to self-explore
4. Goal of Therapy
- Psychoanalysis: Uncovering unconscious conflicts, resolving past traumas, and achieving psychic balance
- Humanism: Personal growth, self-actualization, and fulfillment of potential
5. Techniques
- Psychoanalysis: Free association, dream analysis, transference
- Humanism: Active listening, empathy, unconditional positive regard
Similarities
- Both theories recognize the importance of the client's subjective experience
- Both emphasize the role of the therapeutic relationship in promoting change
- Both view the therapeutic process as a journey of self-discovery and growth