Common side effects of classes of antibiotics?

1. Penicillins: Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, rash, and allergic reactions such as hives or swelling.

2. Cephalosporins: Side effects may include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, rash, and allergic reactions.

3. Fluoroquinolones: Side effects can include nausea, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and tendonitis or tendon rupture.

4. Macrolides: Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and allergic reactions.

5. Tetracyclines: Side effects may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, photosensitivity, and discoloration of teeth in children.

6. Aminoglycosides: Side effects can include kidney damage, hearing loss, and allergic reactions.

7. Sulfonamides: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and allergic reactions.

8. Carbapenems: Side effects may include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, rash, and allergic reactions.

It is important to note that individual reactions to antibiotics can vary, and some people may experience more severe or rare side effects. It is always important to consult with a healthcare provider if you experience any concerning symptoms while taking antibiotics.

Cephalosporins

- Gastrointestinal (GI) upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, hives, anaphylaxis)
- Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) colitis

Macrolides

- GI upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Hepatotoxicity
- Cardiovascular effects (QTc prolongation, torsades de pointes)
- Ototoxicity (hearing loss)

Fluoroquinolones

- GI upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, hives, anaphylaxis)
- Central nervous system (CNS) effects (headache, dizziness, seizures)
- Tendon rupture

Aminoglycosides

- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity (hearing loss and vestibular toxicity)
- Neuromuscular blockade

Glycopeptides (Vancomycin)

- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity
- Hypersensitivity reactions (red man syndrome)
- Thrombocytopenia

Carbapenems

- GI upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, hives, anaphylaxis)
- Seizures

Tetracyclines

- GI upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Photosensitivity
- Tooth discoloration (in children)
- Esophageal irritation

Sulfonamides

- GI upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, hives, Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
- Methemoglobinemia
- Kernicterus (in newborns)

Nitrofurantoin

- GI upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Pulmonary toxicity (rare)

Metronidazole

- GI upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, metallic taste)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (rash, hives, anaphylaxis)
- Antabuse-like reaction (when combined with alcohol)
- Peripheral neuropathy (rare)

Examples of classes of antibiotics