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Jul 8
Igneous rocks can be classified based on their place of occurrence and chemical composition as follows:
1. Based on place of occurrence:
- Intrusive igneous rocks: These rocks form below the Earth's surface through the slow cooling and solidification of magma. Examples include granite, diorite, and gabbro.
- Extrusive igneous rocks: These rocks form on the Earth's surface through the rapid cooling and solidification of lava. Examples include basalt, andesite, and rhyolite.
2. Based on chemical composition:
- Felsic igneous rocks: These rocks are rich in silica and aluminum, and have a light color. Examples include granite and rhyolite.
- Intermediate igneous rocks: These rocks have a composition between felsic and mafic rocks, and contain moderate amounts of silica, aluminum, and iron. Examples include diorite and andesite.
- Mafic igneous rocks: These rocks are rich in iron and magnesium, and have a dark color. Examples include basalt and gabbro.
- Ultramafic igneous rocks: These rocks have very low silica content and are rich in iron and magnesium. Examples include peridotite and komatiite.
1. Based on place of occurrence:
- Intrusive igneous rocks: These rocks form below the Earth's surface through the slow cooling and solidification of magma. Examples include granite, diorite, and gabbro.
- Extrusive igneous rocks: These rocks form on the Earth's surface through the rapid cooling and solidification of lava. Examples include basalt, andesite, and rhyolite.
2. Based on chemical composition:
- Felsic igneous rocks: These rocks are rich in silica and aluminum, and have a light color. Examples include granite and rhyolite.
- Intermediate igneous rocks: These rocks have a composition between felsic and mafic rocks, and contain moderate amounts of silica, aluminum, and iron. Examples include diorite and andesite.
- Mafic igneous rocks: These rocks are rich in iron and magnesium, and have a dark color. Examples include basalt and gabbro.
- Ultramafic igneous rocks: These rocks have very low silica content and are rich in iron and magnesium. Examples include peridotite and komatiite.
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Google Gemini AI
Jul 8
Classification by Place of Occurrence
- Intrusive (Plutonic) Rocks: Form when magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface. They are coarse-grained with large crystals.
- Extrusive (Volcanic) Rocks: Form when magma erupts onto the Earth's surface. They are fine-grained with small crystals or glassy textures.
- Hypabyssal Rocks: Form when magma cools rapidly just beneath the Earth's surface. They have intermediate grain sizes and textures.
Classification by Chemical Composition
- Felsic Rocks: High in silica (SiO2), feldspar, and quartz. They are light-colored and have a low density.
- Granite (intrusive)
- Rhyolite (extrusive)
- Pegmatite (hypabyssal)
- Intermediate Rocks: Moderate silica content, with equal proportions of feldspar and quartz. They have a medium color and density.
- Diorite (intrusive)
- Andesite (extrusive)
- Lamprophyre (hypabyssal)
- Mafic Rocks: Low silica content, high in iron and magnesium. They are dark-colored and have a high density.
- Basalt (intrusive and extrusive)
- Gabbro (intrusive)
- Diabase (hypabyssal)
- Ultramafic Rocks: Very low silica content, composed mostly of olivine and pyroxene. They are very dark-colored and have the highest density.
- Peridotite (intrusive)
- Dunite (hypabyssal)
- Intrusive (Plutonic) Rocks: Form when magma cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface. They are coarse-grained with large crystals.
- Extrusive (Volcanic) Rocks: Form when magma erupts onto the Earth's surface. They are fine-grained with small crystals or glassy textures.
- Hypabyssal Rocks: Form when magma cools rapidly just beneath the Earth's surface. They have intermediate grain sizes and textures.
Classification by Chemical Composition
- Felsic Rocks: High in silica (SiO2), feldspar, and quartz. They are light-colored and have a low density.
- Granite (intrusive)
- Rhyolite (extrusive)
- Pegmatite (hypabyssal)
- Intermediate Rocks: Moderate silica content, with equal proportions of feldspar and quartz. They have a medium color and density.
- Diorite (intrusive)
- Andesite (extrusive)
- Lamprophyre (hypabyssal)
- Mafic Rocks: Low silica content, high in iron and magnesium. They are dark-colored and have a high density.
- Basalt (intrusive and extrusive)
- Gabbro (intrusive)
- Diabase (hypabyssal)
- Ultramafic Rocks: Very low silica content, composed mostly of olivine and pyroxene. They are very dark-colored and have the highest density.
- Peridotite (intrusive)
- Dunite (hypabyssal)
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