Classical theory in criminology is a school of thought that emerged in the 18th century and is based on the idea that individuals choose to commit crimes based on rational calculations of the potential benefits and risks. This theory emphasizes the importance of free will, personal responsibility, and the need for punishment to deter criminal behavior.
Key figures in classical criminology include Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham, who argued that punishment should be swift, certain, and proportionate to the crime in order to deter individuals from committing criminal acts. They also believed that the criminal justice system should be fair and transparent, with laws that are clear and consistently enforced.
Classical theory has had a significant influence on modern criminology and criminal justice practices, particularly in the development of deterrence-based policies and programs. However, critics of classical theory argue that it oversimplifies the complex factors that contribute to criminal behavior and fails to account for the social, economic, and psychological influences on individuals' choices.
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