1. Poor handling and storage: Rough handling, improper storage conditions (such as exposure to heat, moisture, or sunlight), and inadequate ventilation can all lead to defects on hides and skins.
2. Inadequate preservation: Failure to properly preserve hides and skins through methods such as salting, drying, or tanning can result in defects such as mold growth, discoloration, or deterioration.
3. Contamination: Contamination from dirt, grease, blood, or other substances during the slaughtering, skinning, or processing of animals can cause defects on hides and skins.
4. Insect damage: Insects such as beetles, moths, and mites can feed on hides and skins, causing holes, discoloration, or other damage.
5. Diseases: Diseases affecting animals can also impact the quality of hides and skins, leading to defects such as scarring, hair slip, or discoloration.
6. Poor quality of animal hides: The quality of hides and skins can vary depending on factors such as the age, breed, and health of the animal. Hides and skins from older animals or those with health issues may be more prone to defects.
7. Processing errors: Mistakes made during the processing of hides and skins, such as improper soaking, fleshing, or tanning techniques, can result in defects such as uneven coloring, stiffness, or shrinkage.