Conclusions on the State of Human Rights in Tanzania
Positive Developments:
- Tanzania has ratified key international human rights treaties, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights.
- Progress has been made in reducing poverty and improving access to education and healthcare.
- The government has established mechanisms for addressing human rights concerns, such as the Human Rights Commission and the Law Reform Commission.
Ongoing Challenges:
- Freedom of Expression and Assembly: Restrictions on freedom of speech and assembly persist, with journalists, activists, and opposition members facing harassment and prosecution.
- Political Rights and Participation: The ruling party dominates the political landscape, limiting political pluralism and opposition representation.
- Arbitrary Detentions and Ill-Treatment: Cases of arbitrary detentions, torture, and ill-treatment of suspects and prisoners continue to be reported.
- Gender-Based Violence: Violence against women and girls remains prevalent, with limited access to justice and protection for victims.
- Protection of Minorities: Discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals, ethnic minorities, and people with disabilities persists.
- Land Rights: Forced evictions and disputes over land ownership have affected indigenous communities and vulnerable populations.
- Rule of Law: Concerns remain about the independence of the judiciary and the impartiality of law enforcement agencies.
Specific Concerns:
- The adoption of the Cybercrimes Act in 2015 has been criticized for its broad provisions that could be used to suppress dissent online.
- The establishment of the Media Services Act in 2016 has imposed restrictions on the media, leading to self-censorship and the closure of independent news outlets.
- The Zanzibar government has cracked down on political opposition and civil society groups, raising concerns about democratic space on the island.
Recommendations:
- Strengthen Freedom of Expression and Assembly: Repeal or amend laws that restrict freedom of speech and assembly, and ensure that journalists and activists can operate without fear of intimidation.
- Promote Political Pluralism: Implement electoral reforms to create a more level playing field for opposition parties and ensure the fair representation of all citizens.
- Combat Arbitrary Detentions and Ill-Treatment: Investigate allegations of torture and ill-treatment, reform detention practices, and provide adequate training to law enforcement officers.
- Protect Women and Girls: Strengthen laws against gender-based violence, provide specialized support services to victims, and increase prevention efforts.
- Respect Minority Rights: Implement anti-discrimination laws, promote inclusivity, and provide legal protection for LGBTQ+ individuals and other marginalized groups.
- Ensure Land Rights: Implement safeguards against forced evictions, recognize the rights of indigenous communities, and establish transparent land management systems.
- Strengthen the Rule of Law: Guarantee the independence of the judiciary, ensure fair trials, and promote accountability for human rights violations.