Briefly explain dicot and monocot stem?

Dicot stems have vascular bundles arranged in a ring, with a distinct cortex and pith. Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles, with no distinct cortex or pith.

Dicot Stem:

- Vascular bundles arranged in a ring: Outer primary phloem alternates with inner primary xylem, forming a ring.
- Secondary vascular tissue formed by a vascular cambium: Vascular cambium between the xylem and phloem produces secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem.
- Medullary rays: Extend radially from the pith to the cortex, connecting the xylem and phloem.

Monocot Stem:

- Vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem: Xylem and phloem are arranged in separate bundles rather than a ring.
- No secondary growth: Does not produce secondary xylem or secondary phloem. Therefore, the stem does not increase in diameter.
- No vascular cambium: Lacks a complete vascular cambium that can produce secondary vascular tissue.
- Ground tissue abundant: The center of the stem contains a large amount of ground tissue, including parenchyma and sclerenchyma.