Briefly discuss how the following factors affect milk yield and composition in dairy farming (1) breed (2) feed and water supply (3) estrous or heat (4) age (5) disease?

1) Breed: Different dairy cattle breeds have varying milk production capabilities and compositions. Some breeds, such as Holsteins, are known for their high milk production, while others, like Jerseys, may have higher fat content in their milk.

2) Feed and water supply: The quality and quantity of feed and water provided to dairy cows directly impact their milk yield and composition. A balanced diet with adequate nutrients is essential for optimal milk production.

3) Estrous or heat: The reproductive cycle of dairy cows can affect their milk production. Cows in estrous or heat may experience a temporary decrease in milk yield due to hormonal changes.

4) Age: Milk yield typically increases with the age of the cow, reaching a peak around 4-6 years old. Older cows may have a decline in milk production, but their milk composition may remain relatively stable.

5) Disease: Illness or disease can have a significant impact on milk yield and composition in dairy cows. Health issues such as mastitis can lead to a decrease in milk production and quality. Proper management and veterinary care are essential to maintain the health of the herd and ensure optimal milk production.