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Aug 21
Sinusitis is an inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses. It can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, allergies, or a deviated septum.
Signs and symptoms of sinusitis may include:
- Facial pain or pressure
- Nasal congestion
- Runny nose
- Loss of smell
- Cough
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Bad breath
Investigations for sinusitis may include a physical examination, a nasal endoscopy, and imaging tests such as a CT scan or MRI.
Management of sinusitis may include:
- Rest and hydration
- Over-the-counter pain relievers
- Nasal decongestants
- Nasal saline irrigation
- Steam inhalation
- Antibiotics (if the sinusitis is bacterial)
- Allergy medications (if the sinusitis is due to allergies)
- Surgery (in severe cases or if there is a structural issue causing the sinusitis)
It is important to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan for sinusitis.
Signs and symptoms of sinusitis may include:
- Facial pain or pressure
- Nasal congestion
- Runny nose
- Loss of smell
- Cough
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Bad breath
Investigations for sinusitis may include a physical examination, a nasal endoscopy, and imaging tests such as a CT scan or MRI.
Management of sinusitis may include:
- Rest and hydration
- Over-the-counter pain relievers
- Nasal decongestants
- Nasal saline irrigation
- Steam inhalation
- Antibiotics (if the sinusitis is bacterial)
- Allergy medications (if the sinusitis is due to allergies)
- Surgery (in severe cases or if there is a structural issue causing the sinusitis)
It is important to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan for sinusitis.
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Google Gemini AI
Aug 21
Etiology
- Bacterial: Most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus
- Viral: Rhinovirus, influenza, adenovirus, coronavirus
- Fungal: Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus
- Allergic: Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, animal dander
- Structural abnormalities: Deviated septum, nasal polyposis, turbinate hypertrophy
- Immune disorders: Cystic fibrosis, immunodeficiency syndromes
Signs and Symptoms
Acute Sinusitis
- Facial pain or pressure
- Nasal congestion and discharge (yellow or greenish)
- Reduced sense of smell
- Headache
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Dental pain
Chronic Sinusitis
- Persistent nasal congestion and discharge
- Reduced sense of smell
- Postnasal drip
- Headache
- Facial pain
- Fatigue
- Cough
Investigations
- Physical examination: Nasal endoscopy to visualize the sinuses and identify any structural abnormalities
- Imaging: CT or MRI scans to confirm sinusitis and evaluate the extent of inflammation
- Culture and sensitivity testing: To identify the causative organism and determine appropriate antibiotics
- Allergy testing: To identify and avoid potential allergens
Management
Medical Management
- Antibiotics: Empiric antibiotics are typically prescribed with coverage for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis.
- Nasal decongestants: To reduce nasal congestion
- Saline nasal irrigation: To remove mucus and debris from the sinuses
- Steroid nasal sprays: To reduce inflammation
- Mucolytics: To thin mucus and facilitate drainage
Surgical Management
- Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS): Minimally invasive procedure to remove blockages and promote drainage.
- Balloon sinuplasty: Uses a balloon to widen the sinuses and improve drainage.
Lifestyle Modifications
- Avoidance of allergens: Identify and avoid known allergens.
- Elevation of the head: Sleeping with the head elevated can help promote drainage.
- Steam inhalation: Inhaling steam can help thin mucus and relieve congestion.
Complications
- Orbital cellulitis
- Meningitis
- Brain abscess
- Osteomyelitis of the facial bones
- Bacterial: Most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus
- Viral: Rhinovirus, influenza, adenovirus, coronavirus
- Fungal: Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus
- Allergic: Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, animal dander
- Structural abnormalities: Deviated septum, nasal polyposis, turbinate hypertrophy
- Immune disorders: Cystic fibrosis, immunodeficiency syndromes
Signs and Symptoms
Acute Sinusitis
- Facial pain or pressure
- Nasal congestion and discharge (yellow or greenish)
- Reduced sense of smell
- Headache
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Dental pain
Chronic Sinusitis
- Persistent nasal congestion and discharge
- Reduced sense of smell
- Postnasal drip
- Headache
- Facial pain
- Fatigue
- Cough
Investigations
- Physical examination: Nasal endoscopy to visualize the sinuses and identify any structural abnormalities
- Imaging: CT or MRI scans to confirm sinusitis and evaluate the extent of inflammation
- Culture and sensitivity testing: To identify the causative organism and determine appropriate antibiotics
- Allergy testing: To identify and avoid potential allergens
Management
Medical Management
- Antibiotics: Empiric antibiotics are typically prescribed with coverage for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis.
- Nasal decongestants: To reduce nasal congestion
- Saline nasal irrigation: To remove mucus and debris from the sinuses
- Steroid nasal sprays: To reduce inflammation
- Mucolytics: To thin mucus and facilitate drainage
Surgical Management
- Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS): Minimally invasive procedure to remove blockages and promote drainage.
- Balloon sinuplasty: Uses a balloon to widen the sinuses and improve drainage.
Lifestyle Modifications
- Avoidance of allergens: Identify and avoid known allergens.
- Elevation of the head: Sleeping with the head elevated can help promote drainage.
- Steam inhalation: Inhaling steam can help thin mucus and relieve congestion.
Complications
- Orbital cellulitis
- Meningitis
- Brain abscess
- Osteomyelitis of the facial bones
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