All notes ,explanations about aetiology,signs and symptoms, investigations, management of sinusitis?
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Sinusitis is an inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses. It can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, allergies, or a deviated septum.
Signs and symptoms of sinusitis may include: - Facial pain or pressure - Nasal congestion - Runny nose - Loss of smell - Cough - Fever - Fatigue - Bad breath
Investigations for sinusitis may include a physical examination, a nasal endoscopy, and imaging tests such as a CT scan or MRI.
Management of sinusitis may include: - Rest and hydration - Over-the-counter pain relievers - Nasal decongestants - Nasal saline irrigation - Steam inhalation - Antibiotics (if the sinusitis is bacterial) - Allergy medications (if the sinusitis is due to allergies) - Surgery (in severe cases or if there is a structural issue causing the sinusitis)
It is important to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan for sinusitis.
- Facial pain or pressure - Nasal congestion and discharge (yellow or greenish) - Reduced sense of smell - Headache - Fever - Fatigue - Dental pain
Chronic Sinusitis
- Persistent nasal congestion and discharge - Reduced sense of smell - Postnasal drip - Headache - Facial pain - Fatigue - Cough
Investigations
- Physical examination: Nasal endoscopy to visualize the sinuses and identify any structural abnormalities - Imaging: CT or MRI scans to confirm sinusitis and evaluate the extent of inflammation - Culture and sensitivity testing: To identify the causative organism and determine appropriate antibiotics - Allergy testing: To identify and avoid potential allergens
Management
Medical Management
- Antibiotics: Empiric antibiotics are typically prescribed with coverage for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis. - Nasal decongestants: To reduce nasal congestion - Saline nasal irrigation: To remove mucus and debris from the sinuses - Steroid nasal sprays: To reduce inflammation - Mucolytics: To thin mucus and facilitate drainage
Surgical Management
- Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS): Minimally invasive procedure to remove blockages and promote drainage. - Balloon sinuplasty: Uses a balloon to widen the sinuses and improve drainage.
Lifestyle Modifications
- Avoidance of allergens: Identify and avoid known allergens. - Elevation of the head: Sleeping with the head elevated can help promote drainage. - Steam inhalation: Inhaling steam can help thin mucus and relieve congestion.
Complications
- Orbital cellulitis - Meningitis - Brain abscess - Osteomyelitis of the facial bones