Advantages and disadvantages of formative evaluation:

Advantages of formative evaluation:

1. Provides ongoing feedback: Formative evaluation allows for continuous feedback throughout the development process, helping to identify and address issues early on.

2. Improves the quality of the final product: By identifying and addressing problems early, formative evaluation can help improve the overall quality of the final product or program.

3. Promotes stakeholder involvement: Formative evaluation encourages stakeholder involvement in the development process, leading to a more collaborative and inclusive approach.

4. Allows for adjustments and revisions: Formative evaluation provides the opportunity to make adjustments and revisions to the project as needed, ensuring that it meets the desired goals and objectives.

5. Helps to identify best practices: Through formative evaluation, best practices can be identified and shared, leading to improved outcomes in future projects.

Disadvantages of formative evaluation:

1. Time-consuming: Formative evaluation can be time-consuming, requiring ongoing data collection, analysis, and feedback throughout the development process.

2. Resource-intensive: Formative evaluation can be resource-intensive, requiring dedicated staff, time, and funding to implement effectively.

3. Potential for bias: There is a risk of bias in formative evaluation, as stakeholders may have different perspectives and interests that can influence the evaluation process.

4. Limited generalizability: The findings from formative evaluation may be specific to the particular project or program being evaluated and may not be generalizable to other contexts.

5. Resistance to feedback: Stakeholders may be resistant to feedback and suggestions for improvement, leading to challenges in implementing changes based on the evaluation findings.

Advantages

- Provides timely feedback to stakeholders: Formative evaluation is conducted during the development and implementation of a program or intervention, providing stakeholders with timely feedback on its progress and effectiveness.
- Improves program quality: By identifying areas for improvement, formative evaluation helps stakeholders make adjustments to the program or intervention to enhance its effectiveness and impact.
- Supports evidence-based decision-making: Formative evaluation provides data and insights that support evidence-based decision-making, enabling stakeholders to make informed decisions about the program or intervention.
- Enhances stakeholder involvement: Formative evaluation often involves stakeholders in the evaluation process, fostering their engagement and ownership of the program or intervention.
- Promotes continuous improvement: Formative evaluation is an iterative process that allows for ongoing adjustments and improvements, ensuring that the program or intervention remains effective and responsive to changing needs.

Disadvantages

- Can be time-consuming and resource-intensive: Formative evaluation requires time and resources to conduct, which may not be readily available.
- May not capture long-term outcomes: Formative evaluation is typically conducted during the early stages of a program or intervention, so it may not fully capture the long-term outcomes or sustainability of the intervention.
- Can be challenging to attribute results: Formative evaluation is often conducted in real-world settings, where multiple factors may influence the outcomes of a program or intervention. This can make it difficult to attribute results solely to the intervention.
- May introduce bias: Formative evaluation can be influenced by the biases of those involved in the evaluation process, such as the evaluators or stakeholders.
- May not be appropriate in all situations: Formative evaluation is most suitable for programs or interventions that are still under development or that are undergoing significant changes. In stable or well-established programs, summative evaluation may be more appropriate.

Indirect wages are remuneration paid to factory workers for converting raw material into finished goods

Question 3Answer

True 

False