According to Bandura (2019), Discuss the psychological principles in teaching and learning and give the reference in APA style format 7th edition ?

According to Bandura (2019), there are several psychological principles that play a crucial role in teaching and learning. These principles include:

1. Social Learning Theory: Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. This theory suggests that individuals learn by observing others and imitating their actions.

2. Self-Efficacy: Bandura's concept of self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to successfully perform a specific task or achieve a particular goal. Self-efficacy plays a significant role in motivation, effort, and persistence in learning.

3. Reciprocal Determinism: Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism suggests that behavior, environment, and personal factors interact and influence each other. In the context of teaching and learning, this principle highlights the bidirectional relationship between the learner, the learning environment, and the instructional strategies employed.

4. Vicarious Reinforcement: Bandura's concept of vicarious reinforcement suggests that individuals can learn from the consequences experienced by others. Observing others being rewarded or punished for their actions can influence one's own behavior and learning.

Reference:

Bandura, A. (2019). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 248-287.