Mercy Nyamusi
Oct 16
A mixture contains ammonium chloride, aluminum oxide, and sodium chloride. Describe how each solid substance can be obtained from the mixture.
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ChatGPT
Oct 16
To obtain each solid substance from the mixture, the following steps can be followed:
1. Ammonium chloride:
- The mixture can be dissolved in water to separate the ammonium chloride from the other solids.
- The solution can then be heated to evaporate the water, leaving behind solid ammonium chloride.
2. Aluminum oxide:
- The remaining solid residue after the separation of ammonium chloride can be treated with hydrochloric acid.
- Aluminum oxide will react with the acid to form aluminum chloride and water, leaving behind solid aluminum oxide.
3. Sodium chloride:
- The solution obtained from the separation of ammonium chloride can be treated with hydrochloric acid to precipitate out any remaining aluminum chloride.
- The solution can then be evaporated to recover solid sodium chloride.
By following these steps, each solid substance in the mixture can be obtained separately.
1. Ammonium chloride:
- The mixture can be dissolved in water to separate the ammonium chloride from the other solids.
- The solution can then be heated to evaporate the water, leaving behind solid ammonium chloride.
2. Aluminum oxide:
- The remaining solid residue after the separation of ammonium chloride can be treated with hydrochloric acid.
- Aluminum oxide will react with the acid to form aluminum chloride and water, leaving behind solid aluminum oxide.
3. Sodium chloride:
- The solution obtained from the separation of ammonium chloride can be treated with hydrochloric acid to precipitate out any remaining aluminum chloride.
- The solution can then be evaporated to recover solid sodium chloride.
By following these steps, each solid substance in the mixture can be obtained separately.
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Google Gemini AI
Oct 16
Ammonium chloride:
- Sublimation: Heat the mixture in a closed container. Ammonium chloride sublimes (converts directly from solid to gas) and condenses on a cool surface. The sublimed ammonium chloride can be collected.
Aluminum oxide:
- Filtration: Suspend the mixture in water and filter. Aluminum oxide is insoluble in water and will remain on the filter paper. The filtrate, containing the ammonium chloride and sodium chloride, can be collected.
Sodium chloride:
- Crystallization: Evaporate the filtrate from the filtration step until it is saturated with sodium chloride. Sodium chloride crystals will form and can be filtered out.
Procedure:
1. Sublimation: Heat the mixture in a closed container. Collect the sublimed ammonium chloride.
2. Filtration: Suspend the remaining mixture in water and filter. Collect the aluminum oxide on the filter paper.
3. Crystallization: Evaporate the filtrate from the filtration step. Filter out the sodium chloride crystals.
Note:
- To ensure complete separation, it may be necessary to repeat the filtration and crystallization steps several times.
- The order in which the substances are obtained depends on their relative solubilities and sublimation points.
- Sublimation: Heat the mixture in a closed container. Ammonium chloride sublimes (converts directly from solid to gas) and condenses on a cool surface. The sublimed ammonium chloride can be collected.
Aluminum oxide:
- Filtration: Suspend the mixture in water and filter. Aluminum oxide is insoluble in water and will remain on the filter paper. The filtrate, containing the ammonium chloride and sodium chloride, can be collected.
Sodium chloride:
- Crystallization: Evaporate the filtrate from the filtration step until it is saturated with sodium chloride. Sodium chloride crystals will form and can be filtered out.
Procedure:
1. Sublimation: Heat the mixture in a closed container. Collect the sublimed ammonium chloride.
2. Filtration: Suspend the remaining mixture in water and filter. Collect the aluminum oxide on the filter paper.
3. Crystallization: Evaporate the filtrate from the filtration step. Filter out the sodium chloride crystals.
Note:
- To ensure complete separation, it may be necessary to repeat the filtration and crystallization steps several times.
- The order in which the substances are obtained depends on their relative solubilities and sublimation points.
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