3.1. Define gender-based violence. 3.2. Give four reasons. 3.3. Briefly discuss. 3.4. Recommend three.

3.1. Gender-based violence refers to any harmful act that is perpetrated against an individual based on their gender, often resulting in physical, sexual, emotional, or psychological harm.

3.2. Four reasons for gender-based violence include:
- Power and control: Perpetrators use violence as a means to exert power and control over their victims.
- Gender inequality: Societal norms and beliefs that devalue women and girls can contribute to the prevalence of gender-based violence.
- Cultural norms: Some cultures may condone or even encourage violence against individuals based on their gender.
- Lack of legal protection: In some cases, laws and policies may not adequately protect individuals from gender-based violence, leading to impunity for perpetrators.

3.3. Gender-based violence is a pervasive issue that affects individuals of all genders, but disproportionately impacts women and girls. It is a violation of human rights and can have long-lasting physical, emotional, and social consequences for survivors. Addressing gender-based violence requires a multi-faceted approach that includes legal reforms, education, awareness-raising, and support services for survivors.

3.4. Recommendations for addressing gender-based violence include:
- Implementing and enforcing laws and policies that protect individuals from gender-based violence.
- Providing comprehensive support services for survivors, including access to healthcare, counseling, and legal assistance.
- Promoting gender equality and challenging harmful gender norms and stereotypes through education and awareness-raising campaigns.