1. Preamble: The introductory statement that outlines the purpose and goals of the constitution.
2. Bill of Rights: A list of fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to all citizens.
3. Separation of Powers: The division of government into three branches – executive, legislative, and judicial – to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.
4. Federalism: The distribution of power between a central government and regional governments.
5. Checks and Balances: Mechanisms that allow each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches.
6. Amendment Process: A procedure for making changes to the constitution in response to changing circumstances or societal needs.
7. Supremacy Clause: The provision that establishes the constitution as the highest law of the land, overriding any conflicting laws or regulations.
8. Judicial Review: The power of the judiciary to interpret the constitution and determine the constitutionality of laws and government actions.
9. Impeachment: The process for removing government officials, such as the president, from office for misconduct or abuse of power.
10. Electoral System: The rules and procedures for electing government officials, ensuring a fair and democratic process.