1.    Write short notes on ANYTHREE of the following; a)    The rational for patents protection b)   Entitlement to the grant of a patent c)    The rules governing interpretation of specification?

a) The rationale for patents protection: Patents are granted to inventors as a way to protect their intellectual property and encourage innovation. By granting a patent, the inventor is given exclusive rights to their invention for a certain period of time, typically 20 years. This allows the inventor to profit from their invention and prevents others from copying or using it without permission. Patents also encourage investment in research and development, as inventors are more likely to invest time and resources into creating new inventions if they know they will be protected.

b) Entitlement to the grant of a patent: In order to be entitled to the grant of a patent, an invention must meet certain criteria. The invention must be new, involve an inventive step, and be capable of industrial application. The inventor must also be the first person to file a patent application for the invention. In some cases, the inventor may not be entitled to a patent if they have disclosed the invention to the public before filing a patent application, or if the invention is not considered to be patentable subject matter.

c) The rules governing interpretation of specification: The specification of a patent application is a detailed description of the invention, including how it works and how it is made. The rules governing the interpretation of the specification are important in determining the scope of protection granted by the patent. The specification must be clear and complete, so that a person skilled in the relevant field can understand and reproduce the invention based on the information provided. The claims of the patent are also important in interpreting the specification, as they define the boundaries of the invention and what is protected by the patent. The rules governing interpretation of the specification help to ensure that patents are granted for inventions that are truly novel and inventive.

a) The rationale for patent protection

Patent protection provides incentives for innovation by granting inventors exclusive rights to their inventions. This encourages research and development, leading to the progress of technology and economic growth. Additionally, patents protect intellectual property, ensuring that inventors are fairly compensated for their creativity and hard work.

b) Entitlement to the grant of a patent

To be entitled to a patent, an invention must be:

- Novel: Not previously known or used
- Non-obvious: Not easily derivable from existing knowledge
- Useful: Capable of industrial application
- Made by the inventor or their legal representative

The invention must also be fully described in a patent specification.

c) The rules governing interpretation of specifications

The rules governing the interpretation of patent specifications are:

- Intrinsic evidence: The language of the specification itself is considered, including the claims, description, and drawings.
- Prosecution history: The record of interactions between the inventor and the patent office during the application process is examined.
- Ordinary meaning: Words are given their ordinary and customary meaning, unless a contrary definition is specified in the specification.
- Avoidance of absurdity: The specification is interpreted to avoid absurdities or inconsistencies.
- Purpose and intent: The specification is interpreted to give effect to the inventor's purpose and intent.