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A clinical examination of the skin typically involves a thorough assessment of the skin's appearance, texture, and overall health. This may include:

1. Inspection: The healthcare provider will visually examine the skin for any abnormalities, such as rashes, lesions, discoloration, or changes in texture.

2. Palpation: The provider may gently touch and feel the skin to assess for any lumps, bumps, or changes in temperature or texture.

3. Assessment of skin turgor: The provider may gently pinch the skin to assess its elasticity and hydration levels. Poor skin turgor can be a sign of dehydration.

4. Assessment of skin temperature: The provider may use their hands to assess the temperature of the skin, as changes in temperature can indicate underlying health issues.

5. Assessment of skin moisture: The provider may assess the skin's moisture levels by observing for dryness, flakiness, or excessive oiliness.

6. Assessment of skin lesions: The provider may examine any moles, freckles, or other skin lesions for changes in size, shape, color, or texture, as these can be signs of skin cancer or other skin conditions.

7. Assessment of skin sensation: The provider may test the skin's sensation by gently touching it with a cotton swab or other tool to assess for any numbness, tingling, or pain.

8. Assessment of skin hygiene: The provider may assess the skin's cleanliness and hygiene practices, as poor hygiene can lead to skin infections or other issues.

Overall, a clinical examination of the skin is an important part of a comprehensive physical exam and can help identify any potential skin issues or underlying health concerns.

Clinical Examination of the Skin

1. Inspection:

- Color: Note any changes in skin color, such as pallor, erythema, cyanosis, or jaundice.
- Moisture: Assess the skin's moisture level, which can range from dry to oily.
- Texture: Evaluate the skin's surface texture, including roughness, smoothness, or the presence of scales, nodules, or cysts.
- Lesions: Identify any skin lesions, including their number, size, shape, color, and distribution.
- Morphology: Determine the morphology of skin lesions, such as whether they are flat, raised, ulcerated, or crusted.

2. Palpation:

- Temperature: Assess the skin's temperature, which can be cool, warm, or hot.
- Thickness: Estimate the thickness of the skin by pinching or rolling it.
- Texture: Palpate the skin's texture to detect any abnormalities, such as induration, scarring, or masses.
- Tenderness: Determine if the skin is tender or painful to touch.
- Crepitus: Listen for crepitus, a crackling sound that may indicate the presence of air under the skin.

3. Special Tests:

- Diascopy: Apply pressure to a skin lesion to determine its color changes.
- Koebner's phenomenon: Lightly scratch the skin to see if it develops new lesions at the scratched site.
- Wood's lamp examination: Use a Wood's lamp to visualize fluorescence, which can help identify certain infections (e.g., fungal infections).
- Patch testing: Apply potential allergens to the skin to determine if they cause an allergic reaction.

4. Additional Considerations:

- Location: Note the location of skin lesions and any associated distribution patterns.
- Duration: Determine the duration of skin symptoms or lesions.
- Symptoms: Inquire about any associated symptoms, such as itching, burning, or pain.
- Medical history: Review the patient's medical history, including any allergies, medications, or previous skin conditions.
- Family history: Ask about any family history of skin disorders.