What is (a)primal model (b)canonical form?

(a) Primal model refers to a mathematical optimization problem in its original form, before any transformations or modifications are made. It is the initial representation of the problem that needs to be solved.

(b) Canonical form refers to a standard or normalized representation of a mathematical optimization problem. It is a specific format that is commonly used to express optimization problems in a consistent and structured way, making it easier to analyze and solve.