Transmission of canine brucellosis?

Canine brucellosis is typically transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as urine, blood, or reproductive fluids. It can also be transmitted through contaminated objects or surfaces. The most common route of transmission is through breeding, as the bacteria can be spread during mating or through contact with aborted fetuses or placental tissues. In rare cases, the disease can also be transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water.

Transmission of Canine Brucellosis

Canine brucellosis, caused by the bacteria -Brucella canis-, is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected fluids or tissues.

Routes of Transmission:

- Venereal Transmission: The most common route is through breeding. Infected male dogs (studs) shed the bacteria in their semen, infecting female dogs during mating. Infected female dogs can transmit the bacteria to the uterus, where it can cause abortions or infertility.
- Urogenital Contact: Direct contact with infected urine, vaginal discharge, or other bodily fluids can also transmit the bacteria.
- Placental Transmission: Infected pregnant dogs can transmit the bacteria to their unborn puppies via the placenta.
- Congenital Transmission: Puppies born to infected mothers may be infected at birth and can shed the bacteria in their urine and feces.
- Contact with Infected Materials: Dogs can become infected by contact with contaminated bedding, food bowls, or other surfaces that have come into contact with infected fluids or tissues.

Risk Factors:

- Dogs that are not spayed or neutered and are sexually active
- Dogs that live in close contact with other dogs
- Dogs that are in kennels or shelters
- Dogs that are exposed to wildlife (e.g., foxes, coyotes)

Clinical Signs:

Canine brucellosis can cause a wide range of clinical signs, including:

- Reproductive problems (abortions, infertility)
- Swollen joints and lameness
- Fever
- Lethargy
- Eye infections
- Neurological problems

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis of canine brucellosis involves a blood test to detect antibodies against -B. canis-. Other tests, such as a culture of bodily fluids or tissues, may also be necessary.

Treatment:

There is no cure for canine brucellosis. Treatment focuses on managing clinical signs and preventing further transmission. This may include antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and supportive care.

Prevention:

Prevention measures for canine brucellosis include:

- Spaying and neutering dogs
- Vaccinating dogs in at-risk populations
- Isolating infected dogs
- Disinfecting contaminated surfaces
- Limiting contact with wildlife