How can you determine the autonomous expenditure in a four sector model?

In a four sector model, autonomous expenditure can be determined by adding up the components of expenditure that are not dependent on the level of income or output. These components typically include government spending, investment spending, and exports.

1. Government spending: This includes all government expenditures on goods and services, such as infrastructure projects, defense spending, and social welfare programs. Government spending is typically determined by government policy decisions and is not directly influenced by changes in income or output.

2. Investment spending: This includes expenditures by businesses on capital goods, such as machinery, equipment, and buildings. Investment spending is determined by business decisions and is not directly influenced by changes in income or output.

3. Exports: This includes the value of goods and services that a country sells to other countries. Export levels are determined by factors such as exchange rates, global demand, and trade agreements, and are not directly influenced by changes in income or output.

By adding up government spending, investment spending, and exports, you can determine the total autonomous expenditure in a four sector model. This represents the portion of total expenditure that is not dependent on the level of income or output and remains constant regardless of changes in economic conditions.