Differentiate plants and Animals cells?

Plants and animal cells have several differences in their structure and function:

1. Cell wall: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, which provides structural support and protection for the cell. Animal cells do not have a cell wall.

2. Chloroplasts: Plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis and contain chlorophyll. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts.

3. Vacuoles: Plant cells have a large central vacuole that stores water, nutrients, and waste products. Animal cells have smaller vacuoles or none at all.

4. Shape: Plant cells are typically rectangular or square in shape, while animal cells are more irregular in shape.

5. Size: Plant cells are generally larger than animal cells.

6. Lysosomes: Animal cells contain lysosomes, which are responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris. Plant cells do not have lysosomes.

7. Centrioles: Animal cells have centrioles, which are involved in cell division. Plant cells do not have centrioles.

8. Mitochondria: Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria, but the structure and function of these organelles may vary slightly between the two cell types.

Overall, while plant and animal cells share many similarities in terms of their basic structure and organelles, there are several key differences that distinguish the two cell types.

Plant Cells

- Cell wall: Rigid structure made of cellulose that provides support and protection.
- Chloroplasts: Organelles that contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis.
- Vacuole: Large, central organelle that stores water, nutrients, and waste products.
- Plastids: Membrane-bound organelles that store pigments, starches, and other substances.
- Amyloplasts: Plastids that store starch.
- Chromoplasts: Plastids that contain pigments and give plants color.
- Cell membrane: Selectively permeable barrier that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
- Cytoplasm: Gelatinous substance that fills the cell and contains various organelles.
- Nucleus: Organelle that contains genetic material (DNA).
- Mitochondria: Organelles that produce energy.
- Golgi apparatus: Organelle that modifies and packages proteins.
- Endoplasmic reticulum: Network of membranes that folds proteins and transports substances.
- Ribosomes: Small organelles that synthesize proteins.

Animal Cells

- Lack cell wall: Have only a cell membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm.
- Lack chloroplasts: Do not possess chloroplasts or chlorophyll, and cannot carry out photosynthesis.
- Lack vacuole: Instead, they have numerous small vesicles that store nutrients and waste products.
- Lack plastids: Do not have plastids, except for certain specialized cells (e.g., retinal cells in the eye).
- Cell membrane: Selectively permeable barrier that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
- Cytoplasm: Gelatinous substance that fills the cell and contains various organelles.
- Nucleus: Organelle that contains genetic material (DNA).
- Mitochondria: Organelles that produce energy.
- Golgi apparatus: Organelle that modifies and packages proteins.
- Endoplasmic reticulum: Network of membranes that folds proteins and transports substances.
- Ribosomes: Small organelles that synthesize proteins.
- Lysosomes: Organelles that contain digestive enzymes and help break down waste materials.
- Centrosomes: Organelles that participate in cell division.