Define literature using different scholars ?

1. According to Terry Eagleton, literature is a form of cultural production that uses language to create imaginative and aesthetic experiences for readers.

2. Roland Barthes defines literature as a system of signs that conveys meaning through language and narrative structures.

3. Northrop Frye sees literature as a reflection of human experience and a way to explore universal themes and ideas.

4. Wolfgang Iser views literature as a dynamic interaction between text and reader, where meaning is created through the act of reading.

5. Mikhail Bakhtin argues that literature is a dialogic form of communication that allows for multiple voices and perspectives to be heard and understood.

6. Edward Said sees literature as a tool for challenging dominant ideologies and power structures, and for promoting social change and justice.

7. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak defines literature as a form of resistance and subversion that can disrupt and challenge established norms and hierarchies.

Matthew Arnold (1822-1888)
- "Literature is the expression of the human spirit in words."
- "The best that is thought and said in the world."

Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
- "Literature is the art of communicating knowledge or ideas through written or printed words."
- "The production of writing, especially of a creative and imaginative nature."

T.S. Eliot (1888-1965)
- "Literature is the record of the best thoughts and feelings of the best minds."
- "The revelation, in language, of the universal."

Rene Wellek (1903-1995)
- "Literature is a structured system of signs or symbols and a system of meanings."
- "The art of verbal communication that reflects the human experience and expresses a vision of the world."

Terry Eagleton (1943-present)
- "Literature is the art of writing."
- "It is a form of knowledge that is produced through language and that deals with the human condition."

Harold Bloom (1930-present)
- "Literature is the preserved work of the Western Canon."
- "The only form of human knowledge that deals with the whole of human experience."

Julia Kristeva (1941-present)
- "Literature is a transdisciplinary practice that gives meaning to the world."
- "It is a form of play and freedom that allows us to explore our deepest selves."

Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975)
- "Literature is a form of dialogue that creates a shared space for voices."
- "It is a dynamic and evolving process that is constantly being re-written and re-interpreted."