1. Mollusca is a phylum of invertebrate animals that includes snails, slugs, clams, octopuses, and squid. They are characterized by a soft body, often protected by a hard shell, and a muscular foot for movement.
2. General characteristics of Mollusca include a soft body covered by a mantle that secretes a calcium carbonate shell, a muscular foot for movement, a radula for feeding, and a well-developed nervous system.
3. Mollusca is classified into seven classes: Gastropoda (snails and slugs), Bivalvia (clams, mussels, oysters), Cephalopoda (squid, octopus), Polyplacophora (chitons), Scaphopoda (tusk shells), Monoplacophora (deep-sea limpets), and Aplacophora (worm-like mollusks).
4. Mollusca can be found in a wide range of habitats, including marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments. They play important roles in ecosystems as both predators and prey, and some species are also important for their ecological functions such as filter feeding.
5. Mollusca reproduce sexually, with most species having separate sexes. Fertilization can be internal or external, depending on the species. Some mollusks have complex reproductive strategies, such as simultaneous hermaphroditism in some snails and sequential hermaphroditism in some cephalopods.